Significant events and periods of turmoil that occurred in Maribor during the Middle Ages included plagues, wars, witch trials, religious changes, and economic crises. Here’s a more detailed look:

• The Plague: Like many European cities, Maribor was severely affected by the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, during the 14th century. This catastrophic pandemic resulted in the death of a substantial percentage of the population and had widespread social and economic impacts.
• Witch Trials: Witch trials were a frequent phenomenon in many parts of Europe during the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. Individuals, predominantly women, were accused of witchcraft and often executed. These trials can be seen as part of wider social and religious upheavals and often coincided with periods of social, economic or political crisis.
• Wars and Conflicts: The Middle Ages were characterized by numerous wars and conflicts. Maribor, as part of the Holy Roman Empire, would likely have been impacted by regional conflicts and power struggles. This includes those connected with the Habsburg monarchy and the conflicts with the Counts of Celje.
• Religious Changes: The Middle Ages were a period of significant religious change. This era witnessed the spread of Christianity, the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, the Protestant Reformation, and other events that could have led to religious conflict within the city.
• Economic Crises: Shifts in trade routes, agricultural crises, and other economic variables could lead to periods of hardship. These crises often resulted in famines and population displacements, adding to the challenges faced by cities like Maribor.

Each of these periods of turmoil had profound effects on Maribor’s development and the lives of its citizens during the Middle Ages.